GreenWater Laboratories
Cyanobacteria & Algal Toxin Research

GreenWater Laboratories frequently conducts research in order to assist others in the field or to highlight some analysis techniques that have been implemented in the lab. When possible, we submit our work and methods for peer review to maintain a higher standard of quality and to provide credibility to our work.

Below are links to published manuscripts where GreenWater was able contribute to a research project or develop a new approach.

Microcystins/Nodularins

Algal Toxin Analysis—Microcystins and Nodularins (Proposed)

Foss, A., Adams, H., Boyer, G., Morton, S., Ann St. Amand.
(Algal Toxin Analysis 2022)

7-epi-cylindrospermopsin and microcystin producers among diverse Anabaena / Dolichospermum / Aphanizomenon CyanoHABs in Oregon, USA

Foss, A.J., Mueller, R.S., Dreher, T.W., Davis II, E.W.
(Harmful Algea 2022)

The detection of airborne anatoxin-a (ATX) on glass fiber filters during a harmful algal bloom

Foss, A., Sutherland, J.W., Turcotte, R.J., Molden, E., Moriarty, V., Kelly, M., Aubel, M.
(Lake and Reservoir Management 2021)

A new species of cryptic cyanobacteria isolated from the epidermis of a bottlenose dolphin and as a bioaerosol

Brown, A.O., Foss A.J., Romanis, C.S., Dvořák, P., Gibson, Q.A., Villanueva, C.D.
(Phycologia 2021)

Analysis of total microcystins and nodularins by oxidative cleavage of their ADMAdda, DMAdda, and Adda moieties

Foss, A. J., Miles, C. O., Wilkins, A. L., Rise, F., Trovik, K. W., Cieslik, K., Aubel, M. T.
(Analytica Chimica Acta: X 2021)

Diagnosing Microcystin Intoxication of Canines: Clinicopathological Indications, Pathological Characteristics, and Analytical Detection in Postmortem and Antemortem Samples

Foss, A.J., Aubel, M.T., Gallagher, B., Mettee, N., Miller, A., Fogelson, S.B.
(Toxins 2019)

Comprehensive multi-technique approach reveals the high diversity of microcystins in field collections and an associated isolate of Microcystis aeruginosa from a Turkish lake

Yilmaz, M., Foss A.J., Miles, C.O., Özen, M., Demir, N., Balcı, M., Beach,D.G.
(Toxicon 2019)

Analysis of free and metabolized microcystins in samples following a bird mortality event

Foss A.J., Miles, C.O., Samdal I.A, Løvberg A.E., Wilkins A.L., Rise F., Atl, J.A.H, McGowan P.C., Aubel M.T.
(Harmful Algae 2018)

The analysis of underivatized β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), BAMA, AEG & 2,4-DAB in Pteropus mariannus mariannus specimens using HILIC-LC-MS/MS

Foss A.J., Chernoff N., Aubel M.T.
(Toxicon 2018)

Benthic periphyton from Pennsylvania, USA is a source for both hepatotoxins (microcystins/nodularin) and neurotoxins (anatoxin-a/homoanatoxin-a).

Foss A.J., Butt J., Aubel M.T.
(Toxicon 2018)

Detection of cyanotoxins (microcystins/nodularins) in livers from estuarine and coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Northeast Florida

Brown, A., Foss A., Miller M., Gibson Q.A.
(Harmful Algae 2018)

Paralytic shellfish toxin producing Aphanizomenon gracile strains isolated from Lake Iznik, Turkey

Yilmaz M, Foss A.J., Selwood A.I., Özen M., Boundy, M.
(Toxicon 2018)

Nodularin from benthic freshwater periphyton and implications for trophic transfer

Foss, A.J., Butt, J., Fuller, S., Cieslik, K., Aubel, M.T., Wertz, T.
(Toxicon 2017)

Algal toxins and producers in the marine waters of Qatar, Arabian Gulf

Muftah A.A., Selwood A.I., Foss A.J., Al-Jabri H.M.S.J., Potts M., Yilmaz M.
(Toxicon 2016)

Using the MMPB technique to confirm microcystin concentrations in water measured by ELISA and HPLC

Foss A.J. & Aubel M.T.
(Toxicon 2015)

The extraction and analysis of cylindrospermopsin from human serum and urine

Foss A.J. & Aubel M.T.
(Toxicon 2013)

Investigation of extraction and analysis techniques for Lyngbya wollei derived paralytic shellfish toxins.

Foss A.J., Phlips E.J., Aubel M.T., Szabo N.J.
(Toxicon 2012)

Characterization of paralytic shellfish toxins from Lyngbya wollei dominated mats collected from two Florida springs

Foss, A.J., Phlips, E.J., Yilmaz, M., Chapman, A.
(Harmful Algae 2012)

Acute liver and kidney failure in a dog following exposure to microcystins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa

Van der Merwe D., Sebbag L., Nietfeld J., Aubel M.T., Foss A.J., Carney E.
(J. of Vet. Diag. Invest. 2012)

Recreational exposure to microcystins during algal blooms in two California lakes

L.C. Backer, S.V. McNeel, T. Barber, B. Kirkpatrick, C. Williams, M. Irvin, Y. Zhou, T.B. Johnson, K. Nierenberg, M. Aubel, R. LePrell, A. Chapman, A. Foss, S. Corum, V.R. Hill, S.M. Kieszak, Y.-S. Cheng,
(Toxicon 2010)

Recreational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Microcystins During an Algal Bloom in a Small Lake

L.C. Backer, W. Carmichael, B. Kirkpatrick, C. Williams, M. Irvin, Y. Zhou, T.B. Johnson, K. Nierenberg, V.R. Hill, S.M. Kieszak, Y.S. Cheng
(Marine Drugs 2008)

Identification of Cyanobacterial Toxins in Florida's Freshwater Systems

Williams, C., Aubel, M., Chapman, A., D'Aiuto, P.
(Lake and Reservoir Management, 2007)

Assessment of the Public Health Risk from Cyanobacteria and their Related Toxins in Surface Water of SJR

Casamatta, D., Aubel, M., D'Aiuto, P., Chapman, A., Reich, A., Ketchen, S., Williams , C.
(FDOH - 2006)

Blue-Green Algae in St. Johns River, FL

Aubel, M., D'Aiuto, P., Chapman, A., Casamatta, D., Reich, A., Ketchen, S., Williams , C.
(Lakeline, 2006)

Toxin Producing Blue-Green Algae at Recreational Sites in the St. Johns River, Florida

Williams, C., Aubel, M., Chapman, A., D'Aiuto, P., Casamatta, D., Reich, A., Ketchen, S.
(FDOH, 2006)